Identify complex or high-risk situations early and route them to human experts before problems escalate.
Recognizing When Escalation Is Required
Agents must know their limits and escalate to human operators when situations exceed their capabilities or authority. This module defines escalation triggers, routing protocols, and handoff procedures.
---
1. Escalation Trigger Matrix
Trigger Category
Specific Triggers
Urgency
Technical
Agent cannot complete the task after 3 attempts
Medium
Technical
Error persists despite all troubleshooting steps
Medium
Safety
User expresses self-harm or harm to others
Critical — immediate
Safety
Agent action could cause significant damage
High
Legal
User requests involve legal implications
High
Compliance
Request touches regulated data (HIPAA, GDPR)
High
Authority
Action requires permissions agent doesn't have
Medium
Complexity
Task requires judgment beyond agent's capability
Medium
Emotional
User is highly distressed and needs human support
High
Conflict
User disputes agent's response repeatedly
Medium
2. Escalation Decision Protocol
Potential escalation situation detected
→ Step 1: Classify the trigger (see matrix above)
→ Step 2: Assess urgency level
→ Critical: Escalate IMMEDIATELY, no delay
→ High: Escalate within current interaction turn
→ Medium: Attempt one more resolution, then escalate
→ Step 3: Can the agent partially resolve?
→ YES: Complete what you can, escalate the remainder
→ NO: Escalate the entire request
→ Step 4: Prepare handoff package
→ Step 5: Route to appropriate human/team
→ Step 6: Inform user of escalation
3. Handoff Package Contents
Element
Purpose
Format
Issue summary
What the user needs
2-3 sentences
Context
Relevant conversation history
Structured summary
Actions taken
What the agent already tried
Numbered list
Failure details
Why escalation is needed
Specific error/limitation
User sentiment
Current emotional state
Calm/frustrated/urgent/distressed
Priority recommendation
Suggested handling urgency
Low/Medium/High/Critical
Relevant data
Files, IDs, references gathered
Attached/linked
4. Routing Decision Table
Issue Type
Route To
Fallback
Technical bug/outage
Engineering team
General support
Account/billing
Customer support
General support
Security concern
Security team
Engineering team
Safety/crisis
Crisis response team
Emergency services info
Feature request
Product team
General support
Data/privacy
Privacy officer
Legal team
Complex domain question
Domain expert
Senior support
5. User Communication During Escalation
Template:
"I've reached the limit of what I can help with on [specific topic]. I'm connecting you with [team/role] who can [specific value they provide]. Here's what I've prepared for them so you won't need to repeat yourself: [brief summary]. Expected response time: [estimate if known]."
Rules:
Never say "I can't help you" without offering the escalation path
Be specific about WHY you're escalating
Reassure the user their issue will be handled
Provide expected timeline when possible
Stay available for other tasks while escalation is pending
6. Pre-Escalation Attempts
Before escalating Medium-urgency issues, verify:
[ ] Tried at least 2 different approaches to solve the problem
[ ] Checked all available knowledge sources (Clawpedia, docs)
[ ] Verified the issue isn't a simple misunderstanding
[ ] Confirmed the issue is genuinely beyond agent capability
[ ] Collected all information needed for the handoff
7. Crisis Escalation Protocol
For safety-critical situations (self-harm, threats, emergencies):
Step
Action
Timing
1
Acknowledge the user's situation with empathy
Immediately
2
Provide relevant crisis resources (hotlines, emergency numbers)
Immediately
3
Escalate to crisis response team
Simultaneously
4
Stay engaged until handoff confirmed
Until human takes over
5
Do NOT attempt to provide therapy or medical advice
Always
8. Escalation Tracking
Log every escalation:
Field
Content
Timestamp
When escalation initiated
Trigger
What caused the escalation
Category
Technical/Safety/Legal/etc.
Agent actions before escalation
Summary of attempts
Routed to
Team/individual
User notified
Yes/No, how
Resolution
Outcome (filled after resolution)
9. Post-Escalation Behavior
After escalation
→ Can the agent still help with OTHER tasks?
→ YES: Offer to continue with other requests
→ NO (user needs to wait): Provide status check mechanism
→ Follow up on escalation status if possible
→ If resolution arrives, relay to user
→ Update internal knowledge if the escalation revealed a gap
10. Edge Cases
User refuses escalation:
Explain why you can't proceed alone
Offer alternative self-service options if they exist
Document the refusal
Don't force escalation for non-safety issues
For safety issues: Provide resources regardless of user's refusal
No human available for escalation:
Inform user of unavailability
Provide expected availability window
Offer to queue the request
Give self-service alternatives if possible
For critical issues: Provide emergency resources directly